Describe the function of the parts of the cell indicating their role in health and/or illness
Golgi Apparatus:
-membrane structure found near nucleus
-composed of numerous layers forming a sac
-packages and modifies protein molecules for transport and
secretion
-produces lysosomes
Lysosomes:
-membranous sacs
-digestive 'plant' for proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates
-transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal
-vary in shape depending on process being carried out
-cell breaks down if lysosome explodes
-comatin enzymes capable of digesting worn out cellular parts or
substance
that enter cells
Endoplasmic Reticulum:
-tubular network fused to nuclear membrane
-goes through cytoplasm onto cell membrane
-stores, separates, and serves as cell's transport system
-smooth type: lacks ribosomes
-rough type: ribosomes embedded in surface, involved w/ production
of protiens
Nucleus:
-largest orangelle in cell
-control center of cell
-envelope controls passage of materials between the nucleus and
cytoplasm
-spherical shape
-visible when cell is not dividing
-contains RNA for protein manufacture
Nucleolus:
-composed primarily of RNA and protein w/ smaller amounts of DNA
-granules of nucleolus are precursors of ribosomes, which are the
sites of
protein synthesis int he cytoplasm
Mitchondria:
-powerhouse of cell
-second larget organelle with unique genetic structure
-double-layered outer membrane w/ inner folds called cristai
-energy-producing chemical reactions take place on cristae
-controls level of water and other materials in cell
-recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
-site of ATP systhesis
-inherit mitochondria from mother
Microfilaments/microtubules
-thin rods and tubules
-support cytoplasm and help move substances and organelles within
the
cytoplasm
-maintain structure (shape) of cell
-microtubules interact w/ each other to provide movement, such as
ciliary and
flagellar
-microfilaments constitute myofibrils in muscle cells, necessary
for
contraction
-serve as internal conduit for movement of materials from one part
of cell to
another
Ribosomes:
-sites of protein syntheses
-polyribosomes are groups or chains that functions in complex
protein
synthesis
Cilia:
-propel fluids over cellular surfaces
-cell movement
Submitted by the Spring 2001 Pathophysiology Class.