Form - Musical structure and design
The Form of a composition is discussed in sections, not phrases or themes.
Theme - the tune in classical music. Not just repeated, but expanded and "developed"
Thematic development - when a theme is fragmented and used in different ways.
Motive - a fragment of a melody. Very little piece that is recognizable, but not as long as a phrase.
Text Painting or Word Painting - when the music illustrates something brough out in the lyrics (ex. I searched once with a melody on one note, the second time the note is higher, the third time it is higher still with the "I found it" motive in the violin).


"En los Trigales" by J. Rodrigo
ABA form. The B section is much shorter, but slower than the A section. The A section is made up of many short phrases, with a lot of starts and stops. Some of the cadences are complete, and sound final, while others are incomplete, and lead to the next part. The B section is much shorter, with a "hint" of the main theme (motive) at several of the cadences.
"En los Trigales" is a Spanish piece meaning "In the Wheat Fields". Are there any aspects of this that might give you images of Spain, wheat fields, workers, etc.? This is called program music, when music contains an extra idea or story to think about when listening.
Program Music would be more likely to be a Romantic trait, rather than a Classic one. Classic composers are more interested in writing a good piece of music that stands on its own, follows form very well, balances itself, and does not ask the listener to get emotionally involved in the work.
Common Practice Period 1600-1900
Baroque (1600-1750) - birth of opera. Very dramatic period. Extreme contrasts. [romantic]

Movement - a part of a work, sounds complete in itself with a beginning middle and end. Think of it like a chapter in a book
Program music - music that has an extra-musical idea to go along with it. It might be a story, an idea, a picture, or a text.
Absolute music - music that has NO extra-musical idea to go along with it. It is music for its own sake, with the composer giving you NO hint as to what it might be depicting.
You may listen to any piece as if it is a work of absolute music (we did this in class the first time you heard "Spring", as I hadn't told you the birds and thunderstorm).
You may also create your own "program" to a work of absolute music if it helps you to follow along. Create a story for a piece of music, explain how the story changes as the music builds or fades, etc.
Program pieces are usually given a subtitle to hint that they are about something (Concerto in E major, Op. 8, No. 1, RV269, "Spring" from The Four Seasons)
Absolute pieces usually have no subtitles that might mean anything. Symphony No. 5 in C Minor, Op. 67. This doesn't sound like it's about anything.

Vivaldi "Spring" Concerto
Theme - the tune in classical music.Not just repeated, but expanded and "developed". We heard the "minor" version of the theme in the first movement (right before the thunderstorm).
Drone - one repeated pitch among other changing pitches - more of a "folksy" quality. Used in the third movement of Spring.
Listening examples from class:

Elvis Costello and the Brodsky [String] Quartet: For Other Eyes
En los Trigales - ABA Guitar piece played in class.
Movie trailer for Letters to Juliet